![]() Both sides dug in and a line of trenches soon ran from the Channel to the Swiss frontier. The First Battle of Ypres (20 October - 22 November 1914) marked the end of open and mobile warfare on the Western Front. The destructive power of modern artillery and machine guns forced soldiers to seek cover on the battlefield and dig in for protection. Marines and other specialized forces also use some light tanks.Weapons played a large part in creating the difficult and unusual circumstances of trench warfare which the British Army encountered during the First World War (1914-18). Compared to older types MBTs are very heavy (Russian MBTS being about 40 tons and Western around 60 tons) with a 120 mm (Western) and 125 mm (Russian) calibre cannon and 2-3 machine guns. Most modern tanks are of the heavy or Main Battle Tank type, able to fight other tanks. Tanks have replaced the cavalry everywhere and do the things that soldiers on horseback did in the past. The tank is a major part of all large armies today. Combat engineers use special tank-based vehicles, for example minesweeper tanks or bridge-layer tanks. Old tanks are often modified for other uses like carrying soldiers or equipment. ![]() There had also been plans for much larger and more heavily armoured tanks such as the Maus but these were determined to be of little use due to their huge weight, which would have made moving them very difficult, and the huge size, which would have made them easy targets for heavy artillery. Well-known World War II tanks were the German Panzer IV, Panther and Tiger I, Soviet T-34 (produced in the largest numbers of any tank of the war and second most ever), British Matilda, Churchill and Cromwell, and American M4 Sherman (second most produced tank of the war) and Stuart tanks. ![]() Tanks became a main weapon during World War II, where battles between great numbers of tanks were fought, especially between the Germans and the Soviet Union.
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